Where in the Bible Does It Read About the Temperatures Being So Hot
THEOLOGICAL THERMODYNAMICS
This document reproduces two classics of science parody/humor. The starting time appeared in Applied Eyes [11(viii) A14 (1972), August]. It applies the physics of thermodynamics to conclude that Heaven is hotter than Hell. The second is a response that combines Biblical show with thermodynamics to argue that, while heaven is devilishly hot, Hell is hotter nonetheless. It appeared in the Periodical of Irreproducible Results in 1979.
While the get-go paper is well known, and available many places on the web, the follow-up isn't as well known. It is included here, for the beginning time on the net, in the interest of fairly presenting both sides of this burning fence on a hot issue.
Cartoon � 1988 past John C. Holden*
HEAVEN IS HOTTER THAN HELL
The temperature of heaven can be rather accurately computed. Our authority is the Bible, Isaiah xxx:26 reads,
Moreover, the low-cal of the moon shall be as the low-cal of the sun and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold equally the lite of seven days.
Thus, heaven receives from the moon as much radiation as the earth does from the dominicus, and in addition seven times seven (forty nine) times equally much as the world does from the sun, or l times in all. The light nosotros receive from the moon is 1 ten-thousandth of the light we receive from the sun, then we can ignore that. With these data we can compute the temperature of heaven: The radiation falling on heaven volition rut information technology to the bespeak where the oestrus lost by radiation is but equal to the heat received by radiation. In other words, heaven loses fifty times equally much estrus as the earth by radiation. Using the Stefan-Boltzmann fourth power law for radiation
where E is the absolute temperature of the earth, 300�K (273+27). This gives H the absolute temperature of heaven, as 798� accented (525�C).
The exact temperature of hell cannot exist computed but it must exist less than 444.6�C, the temperature at which brimstone or sulfur changes from a liquid to a gas. Revelations 21:8: Merely the fearful and unbelieving... shall have their function in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone." A lake of molten brimstone [sulfur] means that its temperature must be at or below the boiling point, which is 444.six�C. (Higher up that point, it would be a vapor, non a lake.)
We have and so, temperature of heaven, 525�C . Temperature of hell, less than 445�C . Therefore heaven is hotter than hell.
This version differs from some on the cyberspace, and has been faithfully copied from the version in Applied Optics. The misprint in the exponent of the equation has been corrected, and 1 insertion added, in square brackets. The writer of this piece is probably Paul Darwin Foote, published anonymously in a 1920 publication of the Taylor Instrument Visitor. The Practical Optics version was prefaced by "The following reached your Managing Editor via John Howard (from) H. William Koch (from) Alan Bromley (from) an unnamed environmental physicist of several decades back."
A REFUTATION OF THE PROOF THAT Sky IS HOTTER THAN HELL
Dr. Tim Healey, F. R. C. R.; M. I. Nuc. Eastward.
In Applied Optics (1972, xi A14) there appeared a calculation of the respective temperatures of Heaven and Hell. That of Heaven was computed past substituting the values given in Isaiah 30 26 [one] in the Stefan-Boltzman radiations law, so that (H/Due east)4 = fifty, where Eastward, the accented temperature of the Earth, is 300�Chiliad, whence the temperature of Sky, H, is 798�M or 525�C. This is difficult to find fault with.
The assessment of the temperature of Hell stands, I suggest, on less firm basis. Equally authorisation we apply the information provided in Revelations 21 8 [ii], and then that the temperature of Hell seems to exist 444.half-dozen�C–the temperature at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour–a temperature indeed which is sufficiently reliable to be used in the secondary scale of pyrometers.
Now this final reckoning fails to follow the argument through. 444.6�C is the temperature at which liquid sulfur is in equilibrium with its vapour at normal atmospheric pressure level. Take we any data every bit to the pressure likely to exist found in Hell?
The answer is "Aye". A nineteenth century mathematician has already provided the groundwork for us [3] and we may feel confident that past the yr 2000 the total number of the damned will be at least 29,422,641,251,519,917,000 souls. Withal the expanse of the valley of Gehinnom [four] is only 7,000,000 square meters.
We can at present apply these figures in the Ideal Gas Equation to calculate what the pressure will exist in the valley of Gehinnom. Since surely some souls must accept been damned since 1877 [v], the pressure can only have increased since these calculations were fabricated and the equilibrium signal on the stage diagram of sulfur must have shifted still farther, so that if we can show that at a temperature of 525�C sulfur would still be liquid at the pressure calculated (which is a minimum value, call up), Hell (Gehinnom) is at present cooler than Sky.
Certain corrections must exist applied first, however.
1. Neiht based his calculation on a engagement of creation of 1658 + 2326 - 1877 = 2107 BC (minimum). Counting generations in the Bible gives a date for the Creation of 4004 BC. However, atomic dating has shown that Olduvai man is at least two � 106 years sometime [6].
2. We should use a Fibonacci serial for the expansion, not a simple doubling serial. [7] The ancient Jewish laws confronting inbreeding also act in the same management. [8]
3. By a fortunate coincidence, the furnishings of one and two abolish each other exactly. [9]
4. The human torso is not an platonic gas, but
5. A good deal of it is gaseous at 525�C, and in whatever case,
6. Information technology could well be that at very nifty pressures the external pressure may well exceed the pressure of electromagnetic repulsion, when different "gas" laws would utilize. This merely explains how the Lord works in fitting so large a number of damned souls into so small a space [10] and it demand not exist quantitative.
In the calculation the post-obit assumptions are made:
1. The average height can be taken as ane meter. This seems a fair figure between the newborn babe and the fullgrown man.
ii. The boilerplate infinite needed is about 30 cm � twenty cm. Information technology seems unlikely that any closer packing could be achieved. Neiht uses a figure of i/20 cubic meters per person, which is about identical with my contained cess. Mine allows a neat cancellation, afterwards.
3. I accept assumed that not more than ii layers of damned persons can be accommodated, since otherwise those in the middle layers would escape the full rigours of Hell.
So that,
The volume bachelor in Gehenna is 60 � x6 � two mthree and
The original volume of the damned is 0.06 � 29.422641 � 1018yard3
And so, at constant temperature (which we assume, taking equilibrium)
P1V1 = P2V2 or Pii = PiV1/Five2
Substituting,
P2 = [29 � 6 � 10sixteen] / [ii � 6 � 10vii] = 14.5 � 109 atmospheres
Now permit us see what force per unit area is needed to liquefy sulfur vapour at 525�C.
Nosotros have, using the Clausius-Cleypeyron equation in its integrated class,
Log P = 7.43287 - 3268.ii / T
where P = pressure in mm Hg
and T = the elevated boiling bespeak in �K,
and so that
Log P = 7.43287 - (3268.ii/798) = 3.3373813
whence,
P = 2174.607 mm Hg = two.86 atmospheres
(ane) is then much greater than (2) that Revelations 21 8 indicates a temperature very considerably college than 525�C.
Thus, Hell is hotter than Heaven (which remains deucedly hot).
REFERENCES
1. "The lite of the moon shall be as the light of the lord's day and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold as the light of seven days..." The low-cal of the moon is negligible in comparing with that of the sunday.
2. "...the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the 2d death".
3. A Mathematical Proof of the Non-Being of Hell from the writings of the free-thinker Neiht, born in Brussels, 1877. "The surface area of the valley of Jehoshaphat is threescore,000,000 sq. ms. ... Supposing that each race originated with 1 couple but, 1 has v couples or 10 people, and applying to them the principle of compound involvement, up to the Flood there were 9,289,000 births in ane,658 years. Since the Flood upward to our epoch 2,326 years accept passed, during which, if just five couples survived, they would take produced 2,213,867,610,000 children. If these calculations are extended up to the twelvemonth 2000, the resulting number is 34,326,414,259,675,172,000 which, together with the 9,289,000, makes 34,326,414,259,684,461,000 offspring. If one concedes, charitably, that all papists are saved, their number today being i/7th of the population of the earth, that of the damned would be made up of those born before the Inundation plus those born since the Overflowing up to the twelvemonth 2000 minus the 1/7th of those born since the yr 44, that of the nascence of Christ: this number is iv,903,773,008,164,544,000, and the total of damned would be 29,422,641,251,519,917,000.
"The mean cubic area betwixt a new-born infant and an adult is about one/20th metre; the bulk of the damned above is equal to the mass of a sphere of radius 705,504 metres; that of the globe is 6,366,200 metres.
"If ane puts dorsum the origin of homo, following sure German language naturalists, to fourscore,000 years, the number of damned would form a cube 3 times the size of the earth.
"Now, how does 1 assemble the 34,326,414,260 millions risen on a surface of lx,000,000 sq. metres to gauge them and how does one sink this mass of damned, through all manner of stone, to a depth of five,660,660 metres?"
[4] The valley of Jehoshaphat is the Gehenna of the Jews (Jehennam in the Koran)–the place of eternal torment. The word is derived from Gehinnom = the valley of Hinnom where sacrifices were offered to Moloch (2 Corinthians 33 6) (= Adremmelech–the God of Sepharvaim). In after times, all manner of refuse was dumped there and fires were constantly maintained to consume information technology. The sulfurous stench and the fire was the original of the Christian concept of Hell. (The estimate of Nieht of Gehenna's expanse 60 � 106 sq. k. is wrong, co-ordinate to measurements taken on the spot by the Editors).
[5] e.g. Dzhugashvili, Losif and DeSalvo, Albert H.
[half-dozen] Curtis G. H. and Evemden, J. F. in Nuclear Clocks USAEC Pp 40-41.
[seven] Leonardo da Pisa Liber Abaci 1202 (Out of impress).
[8] Leviticus eighteen 6 et seq.
[nine] Westfall, R. S. Newton and the Fudge Factor. Scientific discipline 1973 751 -758.
[10] "In my male parent's business firm are many mansions: If it were not then I would have told you. I go to gear up a identify for yous." John 14 2. Also, "Those things which are impossible with men, are possible with God" - Luke 18 27, and "...with God all things are possible." Matthew 19 26.
This paper appeared in The Journal of Irreproducible Results, Vol 25, No.4:17-eighteen Copyright � 1979 by The Journal of Irreproducible Results, Inc.
IS Heaven EXOTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC?
I've received a number of requests to include ane more scientific/theological parody using thermodynamics. This one showed up in a humor post to the newsgroup rec.sense of humor in 1997. It has been "going around" ever since every bit a "true story" in several variants. Just that'southward surely bogus. See snopes.com for a word.
A true story. A thermodynamics professor had written a take dwelling exam for his graduate students. It had i question: "Is hell exothermic or endothermic? Back up your answer with a proof." Near of the students wrote proofs of their behavior using Boyle's Law or some variant. One student, withal, wrote the following:
Beginning, we postulate that if souls be, then they must have some mass. If they practise, then a mole of souls tin can besides have a mass. So, at what rate are souls moving into hell and at what charge per unit are souls leaving? I call up that we tin can safely assume that once a soul gets to hell, it volition not leave. Therefore, no souls are leaving.
As for souls entering hell, lets look at the different religions that exist in the world today. Some of these religions state that if you are not a member of their religion, you volition become to hell. Since at that place are more than than one of these religions and people do not belong to more than than one faith, we tin project that all people and all souls get to hell. With birth and death rates as they are, nosotros can wait the number of souls in hell to increment exponentially.
Now, we expect at the rate of change in volume in hell. Boyle'southward Law states that in social club for the temperature and pressure in hell to stay the same, the ratio of the mass of souls and book needs to stay constant. So, if hell is expanding at a slower rate than the rate at which souls enter hell, then the temperature and pressure level in hell will increase until all hell breaks loose. Of course, if hell is expanding at a rate faster than the increment of souls in hell, then the temperature and pressure will drop until hell freezes over.
It was not revealed what form the student got.
Notes from snopes.com:Variations: Ordinarily, the piece will begin with a statement meant to authenticate the story. "An bodily question given on University of Washington chemistry midterm," "from a Yale professor," and "Dr. Schambaugh, of the University of Oklahoma Schoolhouse of Chemic Technology, Terminal Examination question for May of 1997" have so far been spotted.
In some versions the student'south comments culminate in the assertion that hell must be exothermic because a girl he'd been chasing had sworn information technology'd be a cold day in hell before she'd sleep with him, and he'd so far been unable to become to first base with her. Often the story concludes with "The student received the simply 'A' given on the exam."
Notes by D. E. S.
These unattributed distributions with false claims of "a true story" are only annoying, and also unfair to the original authors. The roots of this joke accept been traced back to about 1920, to a piece written by Paul Darwin Foote in a firm publication of the Taylor Instrument Company. If anyone knows of an earlier advent, please allow me know. As well, if anyone has the original version, I'd like to see information technology.
I haven't still seen the original version. This piece does not compare temperatures of Heaven and Hell. It begins with the "assumption that souls take mass". Mass is never an result in the other two. It besides assumes souls accept volume. The "logic" is completely different in these various parodies.
It seems to me far-fetched to connect the later parodies with the Foote parody. Nor am I convinced that Foote'southward piece "inspired" the others. I run across no case that could be made for plagiarism.
A adept rule is "Whenever a story begins with 'This is a true story...' you can be sure it isn't then." I encountered a lot of this sort of thing when I was compiling a book of scientific discipline sense of humor, "Scientific discipline Askew". People suggested to me innumerable anecdotes attributed to famous scientists and mathematicians, all purporting to be "true". The trouble was that the same stories were often attributed to different persons and from unlike places. I have come to assume that they are all inventions, or at to the lowest degree heavily embellished, unless some serious documentation is provided. The same is true for "quotes". The "If I have seen further than others..." quote widely attributed to Isaac Newton has been traced dorsum to a Roman Poet Lucan (39-65 CE). So another rule is "If something is catchy enough to be attributed to someone famous, it really had its origin much before, probably with someone less famous." You tin can quote me on that.
Finally, some readers quibbled nearly a misprint in the temperature of Hell that I had in the final line of the parody from Applied Optics, which I recollect is now corrected, though I still don't have access to the original printed copy. If anyone still doubts the effect for the temperature of Hell, we suggest they utilise the experimental method and become to the source carrying an accurate thermometer. Merely if anyone has access to the paper copy in Applied Optics I'd be happy to receive a scan of information technology.
No one has (yet) faulted the calculation of the temperature of Sky. Maybe none are expecting to go there.
* The cartoon, which was non associated with either of these documents, is past John C. Holden, from No Dinosaurs on the Ark by Sol Omon (Harris B. Stewart). It was published past THE BOOKMAKER, Star Route 38, Winthrop, WA 98862 (509) 996-2576.
Last edited May 2014.
williamstheadisfat.blogspot.com
Source: https://www.lockhaven.edu/~dsimanek/hell.htm
0 Response to "Where in the Bible Does It Read About the Temperatures Being So Hot"
Postar um comentário